ENGLISH Grammar IN Use FOR INTERMEDIATE
xv. PAST PERFECT (I had done)
| A | Study this case situation:  Sarah went to a party last calendar week. Paul went to the party too, but they didn't see each other. Paul left t he party at ten.thirty and Sarah arrived at 11 o'clock. So: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul wasn't there. · He had gone home. Had gone is the past perfect (simple): | I/ we/ they/ y'all | had | (=I'd etc.) | gone seen finished | | he/ she/ it | (=he'd etc) | The past perfect simple is had+ past participle (gone/ seen/ finished etc). Sometimes we talk nigh something that happened in the past: · Sarah arrived at the political party. This is the starting point of the story. And then, if we want to talk nigh things that happened earlier this time, we employ the by perfect (had ... ): · When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. Some more examples: · When we got abode final night, we found that somebody had broken into the apartment. · Karen didn't desire to go to the cinema with us because she'd already seen the movie. · At first I thought I'd done the correct thing, but I before long realised that I'd fabricated a big mistake. · The human sitting adjacent to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn't flown before. or ... He had never flown before. |
| B | Compare the present perfect (accept seen etc.) and the past perfect (had seen etc.): | Present perfect | Past perfect | |  · Who is that adult female? I'vdue east seen her before, simply I can't retrieve where. · We aren't hungry. We' ve simply had lunch. · The house is dirty. They haven't cleaned it for weeks. |  · I wasn't sure who she was. I'd seen her before, but I couldn't remember where. · We weren't hungry. We' d just had dejeuner. · The business firm was dingy. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks. | |
| C | Compare the past simple (Left, was etc.) and the past perfect (had left, had been etc.): | · A: Was Tom there when you arrived? B: Yep, but he left soon afterwards. · Kate wasn't at home when I phoned. · She was at her mother/s house. | · A: Was Tom there when you arrived? B: No, he had already left. · Kate had only got home when I phoned. She had been at her female parent's house. | |
EXERCISES
| 15.1 | Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. | 1 | Y'all went to Sue'due south house, merely she wasn't there. (she /go /out) ____ She had gone out ____________________ | | 2 | You went back to your dwelling town later on many years. It wasn't the same as earlier. (it /alter /a lot) __________________________________________ | | 3 | I invited Rachel to the political party, simply she couldn't come up. (she /accommodate /to do something else) __________________________________________ | | 4 | You went to the movie theater last night. You got to the cinema tardily. (the movie /already /start) __________________________________________ | | v | It was overnice to run into Daniel again after such a long time. (I /non I see /him for five years) __________________________________________ | | 6 | I offered Sue something to swallow, but she wasn't hungry. (she /just /have /breakfast) __________________________________________ | |
| xv.2 | For each situation, write a sentence ending with never ... earlier. Use the verb in brackets. | one | The man sitting next to you lot on the airplane was very nervous. Information technology was his offset flight. (wing) ____ He'd never flown before________________ | | 2 | Somebody sang a song. I didn't know information technology. (hear) I __________________________________________ earlier | | three | Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very practiced at it because it was his first game. (play) He __________________________________________ | | 4 | Final year nosotros went to United mexican states. It was our first fourth dimension there. (be in that location) We __________________________________________ | |
| fifteen.iii | Utilise the sentences on the left to consummate the paragraphs on the right. These sentences are in the order in which they happened - so (a) happened earlier (b), (b) earlier (c) etc. But your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, and so sometimes you demand the past perfect. | 1 | (a) Somebody bankrupt into the office during the nighttime. (b) We arrived at piece of work in the morning. (c) We called the police. | Nosotros arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had cleaved into the office during the night. So __________________________________________ the police. | | two | (a) Laura went out this morning. (b) I rang her doorbell. (c) There was no answer. | I went to Laura's house this morning and rang her doorbell, but ____________ no answer. _________________ out. | | 3 | (a) Jim came back from holiday a few days ago. (b) I met him the aforementioned solar day. (c) He looked very well. | I met Jim a few days ago ______ just ___________ holiday. ___________ very well. | | 4 | (a) Kevin sent Emerge lots of emails. (b) She never replied to them. (c) Yesterday he got a phone phone call from her. (d) He was very surprised. | Yesterday Kevin ____________ from Sally. __________ very surprised. _______ lots of emails, simply _______________. | |
| xv.4 | Put the verb into the right form, past perfect (I had done) or past uncomplicated (I did). | 1 | 'Was Paul at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he ___ had gone_____(get) habitation.' | | 2 | I felt very tired when I got home, so I ____________ (become) directly to bed. | | 3 | The business firm was very quiet when I got dwelling. Everybody _______________ (get) to bed. | | iv | Sorry I'm late. The car ____________ (intermission) down on my style here. | | 5 | We were driving forth the road when we ________________ (see) a motorcar which ________ (break) down, and so we ___________(cease) to aid. | |
Answer KEY
15.i
two It had changed a lot.
3 She'd arranged to do something else. /She had arranged ...
4 The motion picture had already started.
5 I hadn't seen him for five years.
6 She'd simply had breakfast. /She had just had ...
15.two
ii I'd never heard it before. /I had never heard ...
three He'd never played (tennis) before. /He had never played .. .
iv We'd never been in that location earlier. /Nosotros had never been .. .
xv.3
ane nosotros called
ii there was ... She'd gone /She had gone
3 He'd just come back from /He had only come up back from ... He looked
4 got a phone call He was He'd sent her /He had sent her ...
she'd never replied to them I
she had never replied to them
15.4
2 went
iii had gone
4 broke
5 saw ... had broken ... stopped
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